Holographic interferometry for investigation, optimisation and design construction of wave mechanical system

The waves and vibrations are encountered everywhere, in the living and non living nature, in engineering. The atoms, molecules, oceans, planets, galaxies, cosmic space, cells of living organisms, separate organs and the organism as a whole do perform wave motion. It is important for the mankind to use effectively the waves arising in nature as a power source or as the working organs for the execution of technological processes. Besides the principles of motion of living organisms are also important in engineering creating technological processes and devices of new types. In order to implement this successfully it is important to analyse the ways of motion of living nature and on their basis to create the principles of action of the corresponding technical devices. In engineering the vibrational and wave technology and the devices devoted for this purpose are becoming more and more widespread. For the successful development it is necessary to perform the research of dynamics of wave mechanical systems in order to reveal the nonlinear qualities of those systems, to create the calculation design methods, to develop the experimental methods of propagation and analysis of wave processes, to analyse systems of separate types. For the displacement of bodies various types of waves are applicable, for example standing, traveling, harmonic or damped, solytons, one dimensional, two dimensional and multidimensional, straight linear, spiral and etc. waves. They are the most widely used types of waves for the displacement of bodies in engineering. The displaced bodies may be a material point, a cylinder, an unbalanced with respect to the geometrical axis cylinder, a body of rigid beam type, one dimensional and two dimensional chains of bodies The scientific and technical progress poses problems in the development of new perfect mechanisms and machines of advanced type, namely quick operational speed, controllability, precision, reliability, compactness. The mechanical systems with wave excitation are perspective for this purpose. The basis of the mechanical system theory are developed by Blehman I., Lavendel E., Goncharevich I., Neimark J., Poturajev V., Babickij V., Povidailo V., Frolov K. and many other scientists. Though in the theory of this system despite the fundamental results obtained by Vesnitskij A., Ganijev R., Ulitko G., Tokar A., Dobroliubov A., Utkin R. and others, and also the applied results by Bansevichius R., Kurilo R., Poturajev V., Barauskas R., Ostađevičius V., Kulvietis G. and many others, many problems do remain unsolved. The main pupose of paper to develop the methods of holographic interferometry for investigation of wave mechanical systems and perform investigations of that systems. The holographics methods and methodologies for analysis of wave mechanical system where not enough developed. Usually the way for interpretation and analysis interference fringe patterns depends from type of vibrating waves, the types of waves and vibrations taking part in wave mechanical systems. Different types of waves are applied in different approaches for the holographic analysis In this way it is important to develop theory for interpretation of fringe patterns of vibrating links of mechanical systems according to optical parameters and holographic principles, and the boundary conditions, materials of links, and the vibrating processes taking part in real constructions. Laser holographic interference methodology is a powerful and effective tool for design analysis and optimisation of operation of such different kind of systems. In some cases this is the only possible tool of analysis (adaptive optics mirrors), in other cases it is a good and effective tool of analysis, which in some instances exceed the possibilities of other research and monitoring methods [1-9]. Some of the applications presented in the following paper were implemented under research supervision of large group of companies, others were initiated by foreign partners. It could be mentioned that many projects were implemented in former Research Center “Vibrotechnika”, others, already after reconstruction of independence of Lithuania. Examples could be co-operation with Ancona University in Italy, Daimler Crysler and Ford research institutes in the USA.